1000-1500), abbey and cathedral schools were joined by clergy-run urban schools. With the rise of cities in the later Middle Ages (ca. Apart from those pursuing a religious life, education was limited chiefly to nobility. 500-1000), formal education was provided mainly by abbey schools (run by monks) and cathedral schools (run by priests) the latter type was typically housed in a building near a cathedral. By the dawn of the Renaissance era, secular scholarship was ready to truly surge forward once again. Nonetheless, the medieval West experienced a gradual revival of the secular subjects which had flourished during antiquity, including grammar, rhetoric, music theory, mathematics, astronomy (and other sciences), law, medicine, and theory of various practical fields (e.g. Greek or Latin) and the study of scripture, while theology was widely regarded as the most profound advanced subject. The basics of a European medieval education consisted of literacy (in the academic tongue, i.e.
(The foremost scholarly revival in Western Europe prior to the Carolingian Renaissance took place in the British Isles, spurring Charlemagne to procure several of the region's leading scholars.) The education programs designed by Alcuin influenced teachers throughout the medieval West. 2,12Ĭharlemagne commissioned Alcuin, an English scholar, to oversee the efforts of the Carolingian Renaissance. 750-900), which did significantly expand classical scholarship, as well as education and literacy in general. By far the most influential was the Carolingian Renaissance (set in motion by Charlemagne, lasting ca. The Renaissance was not unprecedented various earlier attempts (albeit of much less success) to effect such a revival were made across Western Europe throughout the Middle Ages.
#Art and culture in medieval europe knights full#
1400-1600), which witnessed the full revival of classical scholarship and humanism (see Humanism). The medieval period was succeeded by the Renaissance (ca.
The entirety of Europe experienced intellectual stagnation, as attention was diverted from secular matters to scripture and theology, and a general conservatism fell over scholarship and literature. In Western Europe (where the Western Roman Empire collapsed into petty kingdoms), literary output experienced a slow recovery, and preservation of classical writings fell chiefly to religious orders and other clergy. In the Byzantine Empire (aka the Eastern Roman Empire, which remained intact for the duration of the Middle Ages), much ancient literature was preserved, and new Greek works were composed in the ancient genres. The scholarly tongues of medieval Europe were Latin (in the West) and Greek (in the East). Medieval Literature Introduction Table Summary Primary Medieval Legends
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